To investigate the protective effect of the wind barrier, the wind tunnel test was carried out on the aerodynamic characteristics of highway and railway same-story bridge wind barrier system under the action of crosswind. For the two types of wind barriers, the three-component force coefficient of the vehicles in the middle of the bridge under different wind deflections was tested with different wind rates and heights, and the wind speed reduction coefficient of the wind barrier under different wind deflections was studied. The results show that the installation position of the wind barrier on the bridge deck is different, which has a significant difference on the vehicle aerodynamic coefficient. The wind barrier can effectively reduce the lateral wind load on the vehicles and provide a more favorable driving environment for the vehicles on the bridge. The influence of the wind barrier permeability on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train is greater than that of the height of the wind barrier. When there is no wind barrier, the overturning moment coefficient of single vehicle upstream is the largest, and it is most significantly affected by wind load. Because of the wind effect of upstream vehicle, the three-component force coefficient of downstream train is smaller when two vehicles meet, and it is also less affected by wind barrier and wind deflection angle. When the wind deflection angle is 0°～15°, the air permeability and height of the wind barrier have no obvious effect on the wind protection effect. Under the wind deflection angle (60°≤β≤90°), the reduction rate of wind speed for setting the windbarrier A is greater than that for the wind barrier B, so the wind prevention effect is better.