To study the causes of the abnormal anti-Z type uplift on the asphalt roadway surface of taxiway B in an airport in Guizhou，the ground penetrating radar was used to scan the uplift areas，and core sampling was drilled. The hole with the size about 1cm was found at the bottom of asphalt pavement. Testing of asphalt material density and asphalt content was then performed. It is found that the water stability and anti-spalling of the asphalt surface material are good in quality，and the asphalt aging degree is slight. The finite element model of abnormal uplift was established using the ANSYS. The simulation results show that，when the concrete construction joint is improperly treated，rain can infiltrate from the soil surface area to the construction joint，causing the erosion damage. The concrete slab under the asphalt concrete surface layer is easy to heated to expand abnormally in summer，the vertical displacement can be induced，and the upper layer of asphalt concrete is then jacked up.