In order to overcome the disadvantage of traditional topology optimization using single material to analyse the reinforced concrete，the GESO algorithm is proposed to optimize the topology of separated reinforced concrete model，and the topology solution is simplified. The reinforcement arrangement schemes of 2D rectangular beam and 3D T beam are verified respectively. The results show that the GESO algorithm has higher efficiency，better deletion rate，symmetry and aesthetics than those from the classical ESO algorithm. The initial topology optimization configuration of 2D rectangular beam and 3D T beam based on GESO algorithm can be simplified to obtain the reinforcement arrangement. The displacement and stress of the optimized rectangular beam and T beam are small. There are significant difference in the layout of reinforcement after topology optimization under different load and displacement boundary conditions. In the design work，the concrete loading form and boundary condition of the structure should be considered for reinforcement design to get the optimal scheme.