In order to study the influence of different soil parameters on the mechanical characteristic of urban masonry drainage arch culvert，the finite element simulation model was built based on the test section of the Hongqi Canal project. The impact of the bearing capacity and the Poisson's ratio of foundation soil，the water content and the Poisson's ratio of the soil layer outside the structure and the overburden soil thickness on the mechanical characteristic of masonry drainage arch culver were analyzed. The results show that，with the increase of bearing capacity of foundation soil，the compressive stress inside the arch toe increases，the tensile stress inside the vault，the deformation of arch ring and the tension area of arch ring decrease. With the increase of the water content of the outer soil layer of the structure，the tensile stress inside the vault，the compressive stress inside the arch toe， the compressive stress inside the bottom of the side wall，the vertical deformation of the vault and the tensile area of the arch ring increase. When the water content of the outer soil layer of the structure is 10 % -20 %，the change of water content has a great influence on the stress of arch culvert and the deformation of arch ring. With the increase of the Poisson's ratio of the soil layer of the foundation or the soil layer outside the structure，the tensile stress inside the vault，the compressive stress inside the arch toe，the compressive stress inside the bottom of the side wall and the deformation of the arch ring decrease. With the increase of the thickness of the overburden layer，the tensile stress inside the vault， the compressive stress inside the arch toe，the compressive stress inside the bottom of the side wall and the vertical deformation of the vault increase linearly，and the tensile area of the arch ring increases. The analysis conclusions are in good agreement with the field test results of the Hongqi Canal test section， which can provide reference for the detection and identification of underground arch culvert structure.