Aiming at the problems of rutting and low temperature cracking of high modulus asphalt concrete（HMAC） induced by the repeated heavy load, the influence of the asphalt binder, fine aggregate type and content on the pavement performance of the UHMAC was studied. To prepare three gradation types( EME-14, AC-13, SMA-10 ) of ultra-high modulus asphalt concrete specimens, two kinds of asphalt binders（high viscosity asphalt and 30#original asphalt） and two kinds of fine aggregates（quartz sand and carborundum）are designed. The test results show that, the high-temperature rutting resistance performance of the UHMAC can be improved further by high viscosity asphalt, and the low-temperature cracking resistance performance is better than that of 30# original asphalt concrete. The HMAC with carborundum sand has good high-temperature resistance performance，and the positive effect on the dynamic modulus of the UHMAC is greater than that of quartz sand. The dynamic modulus of the UHMAC with optimal proportion can reach 28 956 MPa，that is about 2.07 times of the specification requirement. Furthermore, the high temperature performance，low temperature performance and anti-water damage property are also excellent.