Ecological protection technology has the dual effects of soil consolidation, slope protection, and ecological greening. It is widely used in the protection of highway slopes. In order to explore the action mechanism, technical methods, and evaluation system of ecological protection. Based on summarizing the existing research results, this paper summarizes the critical problems in the development of ecological protection. Firstly, different ecological protection mechanisms, the action effects and influencing factors of each mechanism were analyzed, and the problems of theoretical research and engineering practice were put forward. Secondly, various ecological protection technologies are introduced, sorted, and classified, forming an ecological protection technology system, and the key technologies were discussed and prospected. Finally, the ecological protection evaluation index and method were introduced, and the current situation of insufficient attention and professionalism in the development of the evaluation system was summarized.