To investigate the static performance of large diameter stud shear joints in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), the static performance of 10 sets of stud shear joints with different parameters was compared and analyzed by using a finite element numerical simulation method and by introducing a damage plasticity model of the concrete material. The parameters include the diameter of the studs, the length-to-diameter ratio of the studs, and the concrete strength and thickness of the concrete slab. The results show that the concrete slabs with large-diameter studs of the normal steel-mixed composite specimens showed extensive damage in the tests, while the UHPC slabs with large-diameter pegs showed less damage in the tests; in the UHPC slabs, the shear strength of the 30 mm-diameter studs was approximately 40% higher than that of the 22 mm-diameter studs. The effect of the stud’s length and diameter parameters on the static properties of the specimens was less than the effect of the concrete slab thickness parameters on the static properties of the specimens. Among the tested large-diameter short-stud shear joints with different length-to-diameter ratios, the large-diameter short-stud shear joints with a length-to-diameter ratio of 2.3 had the best shear resistance.