During the construction of shield tunnels, it is inevitable to cross underground piles, which is one of the difficulties in current shield tunnel construction. In order to ensure the safety and excavation efficiency of shield tunnel construction when cutting through underground piles, this study explores the deformation characteristics of shield cutting piles under different excavation parameters. PFC3D software is used to simulate the construction process of shield cutting piles at different excavation speeds, and the deformation characteristics of the piles along the shield excavation direction, the vertical shield excavation direction, and the vertical settlement of the pile top are analyzed and studied under different excavation parameters. Taking the Tongjing Road North Extension Tunnel Project in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province as an example, an analysis and study are conducted. The research results show that the deformation of the piles mainly occurs within 11 times the diameter of the shield cutting pile. When the advancement speed does not exceed 15 mm/min and the cutterhead rotation speed does not exceed 2.0 r/min, the deformation along the vertical excavation direction is greater than the deformation along the excavation direction. Conversely, the deformation along the vertical excavation direction is smaller than the deformation along the excavation direction. Therefore, when the shield cutting pile has a length of 20 or 40 meters at the pile bottom, or a cutting pile length of 40 meters at the pile body, the advancement speed should not exceed 10 mm/min, and the cutterhead rotation speed should not exceed 1.0 r/min. When the shield cutting pile has a length of 20 meters at the pile body, the advancement speed should be controlled within the range of 1-5 mm/min, and the cutterhead rotation speed should be controlled within the range of 0.5-1.0 r/min.