To address the issues of inapplicability and difficulty in providing maintenance decisions using the pavement condition index (PCI) in the current specification, this study investigates the damage condition of asphalt pavements on highways in Guangdong Province. Based on the characteristics of the damaged asphalt pavements, several damage condition indices are proposed, including PCI for overall damage (IPCI,n) including PCI for transverse cracks (IPCI,t), PCI for longitudinal fissures (IPCI,l), PCI for pothole repair condition (IPCI,p), and other damage condition indices (IPCI,a). Additionally, evaluation models for transverse crack assessment based on different asphalt pavement base types and longitudinal crack assessment based on different causes are established. Sub-index weights are determined using a combination of dynamic objective weights and damage attribute weights. These two types of weights are then treated as weighted terms and computed using entropy weight theory. Finally, based on actual projects, a comparison is made between IPCI,n and PCI evaluation results. The differences between the recommended maintenance measures of IPCI,n and the actual maintenance measures are analyzed against the specification indices. This research demonstrates that the assessment results of IPCI,n align with the actual road conditions, resulting in higher efficiency and greater specificity in formulating maintenance plans.