To explore the rational selection of transport modes in cities of different sizes in view of the differences in urban development stages, urban spatial forms, and travel characteristics, and based on the empirical data of two cities, Guangzhou and Shantou, the differences of two cities in terms of socioeconomic development, separation of workplace and residence, travel characteristics and current transport modes were studied. Based on these different travel modes and characteristics as well as the applicable conditions and urban development strategies, the differential selection of traffic modes in large- and medium-sized typical cities was put forward, that is, development should be achieved through "decentralization" in large cities, the public transportation urban construction mode should be strengthened in the central urban area, the transition from a balanced development mode to a public transportation-led mode should be realized in the peripheral urban areas, and the focus should be on the balanced development of individuals and public transportation in the peripheral non-urban areas to respond to differentiated transport needs. In medium-sized cities, public transport travel habits should be guided in the central urban area to realize the transformation from small, flexible, and fast transport to public transport to adapt to the high-quality development and construction of the central urban area. In the peripheral areas, an individual transport-led mode or a balanced development mode that adapts to short-distance travel in the peripheral areas and is suitable for the average density should be built. The results can provide reference for the construction and selection of transportation modes in large and medium-sized cities.