Dynamic compaction method is widely used in various ground improvement projects, but its reinforcement mechanism still lags behind practice, especially the transfer characteristics of vertical additional dynamic stress induced by dynamic compaction. In view of this, the pseudo-static solution of vertical additional dynamic stress and additional shear stress of dynamic compaction are derived based on Boussinesq stress solution and momentum theory. Secondly, taking the north extension project of Urumqi Airport in Xinjiang as the engineering background, the hammer velocity method is used to simulate the dynamic wave propagation process, vertical additional dynamic stress transfer characteristics and soil displacement field induced by dynamic compaction between 1000 ~ 4000 kN·m energy levels. Finally, the calculation results of pseudo-static solution and dynamic numerical solution are compared and analyzed. The results illustrate that the dynamic wave propagation induced by dynamic compaction presents a semi-circular arc, while the vertical additional dynamic stress transmission presents a semi-elliptical shape. The propagation distance of dynamic wave determines the influence range of dynamic compaction, and the boundary of vertical additional dynamic stress determines the effective reinforcement region of dynamic compaction. The vertical additional dynamic stress calculated by the pseudo-static solution attenuates faster along the depth direction than the dynamic numerical solution. The research results can provide an important reference for the dynamic compaction ground improvement project.