The effectiveness of the new strengthening system of near-end enhanced embedded (NEEE) prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips was investigated through a study on the mechanical behavior of strengthened beams under various strengthening methods, sizes of CFRP strips, and bond lengths. The test results demonstrate that the NEEE prestressed CFRP strengthening technique results in superior ultimate bearing capacity and ductility compared to traditional strengthening techniques with fiber composite materials, effectively preventing concrete cover separation failure. Increasing the thickness of the strips enhances the stiffness of strengthened beams. However, it may also lead to premature failure due to concrete cover separation at strip ends. Additionally, increasing bond length improves the ductility of strengthened beams, reduces bending moment at strip ends, and increases yield load and ultimate bearing capacity.