To address the problem that the prestressed near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened beam is prone to debonding at the end, this paper proposed an end-anchoring measure by adding non-prestressed sections and designed 5 prestressed NSM CFRP strengthened concrete beams for static loading test. The paper also analyzed the effects of adding the non-prestressed section at the end and extending the length of the non-prestressed section at the end on the bearing capacity and deformation performance of the strengthened beam. The results show that adding the non-prestressed section at the end can significantly increase the cracking load and ultimate load at the bonded end of the strengthened beam and effectively delay and restrain the debonding failure of the end. Compared with the prestressed reinforcement form, the non-prestressed section at the end can make up for the residual deformation capacity of the component which is reduced due to the application of the prestress. The bearing performance and deformation performance of the strengthened components are positively correlated with the length of the non-prestressed section added at the end.