[Purposes] To analyze the unstrained cable configuration of an asymmetric single-pylon single-span ground-anchored suspension bridge subject to temperature effects, an analytical method based on catenary theory is proposed. [Methods] A system of control equations was established by integrating mechanical equilibrium conditions, geometric compatibility conditions, and the principle of unstrained cable length invariance. This system of equations fully accounted for the coupled effects of the pylon-top displacement and the composite saddle rolling displacement on the unstrained cable configuration subject to temperature effects and was solved using the quasi-Newton method. The proposed method was then validated through the engineering case of the Lvzhijiang Bridge. Finally, a parametric analysis of unstrained cable configurations at different temperatures was conducted based on the proposed method. [Findings] The proposed method efficiently and accurately calculates the unstrained cable configuration of asymmetric single-pylon single-span ground-anchored suspension bridges under variations in a uniform temperature field and quantitatively evaluates the effects of such variations on the unstrained cable configuration (including the vertical elevation and longitudinal position of the main cable), pylon-top displacement, and composite saddle rolling displacement. The analysis shows that the main cable elevation decreases with increasing temperature, whereas the pylon-top displacement and saddle rolling displacement are both linearly related to temperature. Moreover, the thermal expansion-contraction effect of the main cable and the adaptive displacements of the pylon-saddle system (including the pylon and composite saddle) are superimposed, significantly amplifying the temperature response of the asymmetric suspension bridge. Validation against field-measured data under typical temperature conditions at the Lvzhijiang Bridge shows that the differences between the theoretical predictions and the measured values of key parameters satisfy engineering accuracy requirements. [Conclusions] The proposed method is reliable and effective for accurately characterizing temperature effects in asymmetric suspension bridges, guiding unstrained cable configuration design, and implementing temperature compensation during construction.