Excavating a tunnel in the surrounding rock area of a water bearing fault fracture zone results in significant differences in the stability of the surrounding rock compared to non fault areas. This difference causes changes in the stability and safety of the surrounding rock and lining structure during construction and operation. In order to further study the deteriorating effect of seepage on the stability of surrounding rock, it is necessary to analyze the coupling effect between the seepage field of surrounding rock and the secondary stress field of rock excavation around the tunnel, and point out its most unfavorable excavation position and stress location. This article takes the actual project of Xiangjiang Tunnel on Yingpan Road in Changsha City as an example, and uses finite element numerical software to conduct research work. The study analyzes the characteristics of the seepage field, stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone changes of the surrounding rock during excavation, and determines the location of the tunnel face and the range of influence of the fault layer that are prone to sudden water inrush disasters. The research results indicate that the seepage volume of the upper step is significantly higher than that of the middle and lower steps, and the maximum seepage volume occurs on the left and right sides of the palm face; The displacement of the upper step is significantly greater than that of the middle and lower steps, and the maximum displacement occurs in the center of the palm face; The settlement of various parts in the fault zone is significantly greater than that in the normal surrounding rock zone, with the most obvious change being in the arch crown; The fault zone will promote a larger plastic zone. When the palm face advances to about 10 meters in front of the fault, the plastic zone in front of the palm face connects with the fault and extends to the surface; The degree of degradation of different surrounding rock locations by faults varies. The strong influence zone includes the interior of the fault and 3m before and after the fault, while the weak influence zone includes 20m before and after the fault.