[Purposes] This study aims to analyze the seismic performance of prefabricated bridge piers with different connection forms. [Method] By establishing finite element models for three types of steel pipe and UHPM infusion connection prefabricated bridge piers, the study investigates their hysteresis curves, energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness degradation characteristics. [Findings] The results show that the steel pipe-UHPM connected prefabricated pier (G-1) has a 2.92% increase in horizontal bearing capacity, a 17.86% improvement in displacement ductility ratio, and a 36.6% increase in cumulative energy dissipation compared to the traditional grout sleeve connected pier (T-1). The mortise and tenon-steel pipe UHPM connected prefabricated pier (GT-1) shows a 42.07% increase in horizontal bearing capacity, a 29% improvement in peak bearing capacity, a 6.89% increase in displacement ductility ratio, and a 56.68% increase in cumulative energy dissipation compared to T-1. [Conclusions] The steel pipe and UHPM infusion connected prefabricated bridge piers, especially GT-1, demonstrate excellent self-resetting ability and seismic performance. The study also validates the applicability and accuracy of the adopted material constitutive models, providing theoretical support for the seismic design of bridge piers.